Global product Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global product - Case Study Example Theodore Levitt (Philip Kotlar, 2000) postulated that corporations that try to sell standardized or global products across diverse global markets are better able to tap in their core competencies and reduce costs through standardization not only of the product but also of the distribution channels and promotional activities. Such a strategy, that Keegan calls Straight Extension1, indeed works with consumer electronics including house-hold goods like washing machines, TV sets, music systems etc. This straight extension involves introducing exactly the same product in a new market (region or country), using the same promotional and distributional strategy that is being used at home. A product that is capable of being accepted per se, and appeals to customers surpassing geographical or cultural difference, would indeed be a global product. It is argued that due to the proliferation of media, Internet, and other means of communication, consumers throughout the world are now exhibiting a taste for common products and services. As such, a truly global product is possible to nurture and maintain in a variety of different world regions. Microsoft had introduced X-Box 360 to three different regions - North America, Europe and Japan, in November last year. (Planet Xbox 360 News, 2nd Feb 2006) The product is aimed at those between 15 and 35 years of age, having disposable incomes, and interested in technology. Microsoft was able to recognize this segment (that spans over three very different continents) and come up with a standardized product and promotional activity to sell it globally. Similarly, the recent introduction of Apple's iPod Nano (Apple.com, and NonStopMac.com) has displayed the proliferation of a global culture that appears to have the hip, trendy, and financially affluent people as its members. This ultra slim and attractive product has caught the imagination of the people world wide - and even given rise to terms like "nanogasm" (urbandictionary.com) - a word coined to mean the utter excitement caused by just thinking about the sleek and trendy iPod Nano. However, there have been more failure than success stories, about how organizations lost millions when they adopted the Straight Extension approach and tried to barge in on the new markets' sensibilities, disregarding the cultural and social nuances. For example, when Philips introduced its large capacity coffee makers in Japan, it found few takers, though Japanese liked coffee and drank it at home too. (Philip Kotler, 2000). It was soon discovered that as Japanese kitchens are smaller, and the Japanese culture is biased towards zero wastage and preservation of food, Philips coffee makers were not welcomed there. By reducing the size of the product, Philip was finally able to make profits in this market. In India, where there is still problem of regular electricity and water supply in even the bigger cities, IFB's fully-automatic front-loading washing machines are not preferred, even by those who believe it to be superior to other brands and makes available in the local market. As can be seen by the above cases, there are many aspects that can prevent a product from becoming a global entity. It is almost impossible, and at times foolish, to

Health Care Museum Essay Example for Free

Health Care Museum Essay My proposal for a new health care hall of fame museum would include several things. My museum will pay tribute to the five most significant developments in the evolution of health care in the United States. These developments has helped change and save the lives of many people. Exhibit 1: Vaccines and Medications Vaccines and Medications are very important. With these two we have had a significant decrease in the number of people that were hospitalized or caused death. With the â€Å"advances in medical science† you can be protected against more diseases. Medicines can either heal, prevent, or stop diseases or a sickness. Medicine can be used in the form of a tablet, syrup, drugs, and exercise. When we get sick we take medicine for many different reasons. With the help of medicine it will â€Å"restore us back to normal†. Exhibit 2: Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease If you do not have control of infectious diseases from spreading, then we all can be at risk of a big epidemic of disease that are contagious. You have different community partners and health care providers that work with people to discuss the pros and cons of the infectious diseases. We all should work together to prevent the spreading of any kind of germ. This can be something as simple as washing your hands more frequently throughout the day. You would also use vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Exhibit 3: Technology Technology is a great advancement for the health fields, especially now that it is improving every day. Technology has become an important source to obtain medical information. Everyone is using technology on so many  different ways. They are using it to reach â€Å"wider populations,† contact with patients, public awareness, community outreach, and any questions that you may have medically, you can chat with doctors and nurses online as well. Exhibit 4: Medical Equipment Medical Equipment is something I choose, because with the different types of medical equipment it can save many lives. You have different types of medical equipment. â€Å"Diagnostic medical imaging machines† are used to help with diagnosis. MRI, Ultrasound, CT scanner equipment is used to maintain a person’s function. These are just some of the medical equipment’s. You also have other machines that monitor your vital organs in your body. Like EKG machines to monitor your heart, lung and dialysis machines. Exhibit 5: Oxygen Oxygen is needed by all living organism. Without oxygen humans will not be able to survive. In institutions like hospitals, they keep a supply of oxygen in stock that is provided to patients who have difficulty breathing. We must take care of ourselves in order to have a longer life span and in order to live healthy. All of my exhibits that are presented to you, I feel are very important and vital in the health care field. These are all thing that we need in the health care and in order to survive. Reference 1. Health Statistics. Health U.S. 2010: With Special features on death and dying. Hyattsville MD:CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, 2011

The Medieval Crusades: Launched to Spread Worship of Dionysus :: European Europe History

The Medieval Crusades: Launched to Spread Worship of Dionysus Although it is a popular notion that the crusades of the Eleventh through Thirteenth Century Europe were launched to spread Christianity, it is a seldom realized fact that they were actually launched to spread the worship of the Greek God Dionysus. While many fundamentalist radicals and even some historians who ought to know better will dispute this,it is,nevertheless,true. During the Middle Ages in Europe,there were a series of ten religious crusades launched over a period of three centuries.It is commonly believed that these were organized and carried out by Christian religious leaders to unite more territory under the red and white flag of their cherished religion. The fact that accounts of the Crusades were recorded as they are in the history books is due to the overwhelming influence exerted by overzealous religious leaders on historians of the day.It is an unfortunate fact that little remains of the historical representations of what actually happened. While the Church leaders of the day destroyed all written account of who initiated the ten Crusades and what really occurred in the course of these religious conquests,the true story of what happened survives to this day.High in the mountainous terrain of Northern Turkey exists a tribe of dedicated monks who,with their female counterparts,still engage in the rituals of Dionysean worship,just as they have for centuries in their mountaintop isolation. These are the chosen few who engage in the festivals of uncontrolled drinking and the shared group enjoyment of their female members characterizing their worship of this fun-loving God.It is to these few that practice not the self-denial of the Christian Church,but rather the indulgent,free-spirited way of the Dionysean following that the true story of the Crusades is known. While the historical accounts of the participants and the motives behind the Crusades are inaccurate,they do correctly identify the routes taken by the Crusaders.Their objective was to come up through Europe,eventually arriving in Turkey,staging festival after festival along their way,in much the same manner as the original followers of Dionysus did. After that,however,they planned to return through what is now the Soviet Republics,so as to avoid angry festival-goers recovering from the ill effects of excessive alcohol consumption and various social diseases contracted during the festivities.After the tenth Crusade,after numerous military encounters with opposing religious groups occupying various territories,they had arrived in Turkey. There,a tremendous celebration and public orgy was held,as this would be their final destination before returning home. Unfortunately,however,the group lingered too long and was overrun by unruly,hung-over citizens.The Dionysean company's chariots and wagons were burned,and they were forced to flee into the mountains of

Computers Have Impacted Me in Many Ways :: Personal Narrative Writing

Computers Have Impacted Me in Many Ways First of all, I want to begin by saying that in order for me to make this paper interesting at all, I am willing to pretend that computers are somewhat fun and exciting but the truth is, I honestly can not stand anything that goes beyond the basics of a computer because if I try to go any deeper I am reminded that it has a bigger brain than I. Due to the fact that I have an undying frustration with these boxes of microchips, this may not be the most professional sounding paper in the world, but I will do my best in trying to make it fun and entertaining. Out of all of the topics that I saw on the list of what we could do this paper on, I found zero that actually interested me, but I chose one anyway. Well, actually, I more or less turned one of the topics into something that I could handle writing five pages on. I am going to talk about how computers impact me in my daily life and I will talk about my past experience with computers and the things that I have learned from them. Computers have impacted me in many ways. Although I do not like to be instructed in how to do certain assignments (web sites and so forth) I do enjoy being able to have the luxury to type a paper on the â€Å"easy to use,† Microsoft word. Being an English major, it is very important that editing be taken very seriously and it makes my life a lot easier knowing that if I get sick of making corrections on a 20 page paper, the computer will pick out the obvious ones so that it saves me time. This may sound like a lame reason, but it saves me a lot of time. Another thing that I love is that it’s so easy to make change to a document font in any way that I want. If I want the words to be size twenty-two then all I have to do is highlight and hit the button. If I want to make a cool cover page with different font styles I can choose from a variety of different designs. Two of my favorites are comic sans and futura xblkit bt.

J&K Outfitters Ltd. Essay

The organization I am going to talk about is J&K Outfitters Ltd. I will be explaining the advantages and the disadvantages of using ratio analyse within the business, by the help of using the ratio analyse it will show the financial performance of the business as it can help the investors to gain the inside health of the company. Each ratio within the business plays a different prospective e.g. The stock turnover ratio shows you how quickly a company sells and replaces the stocks which are the goods and materials that a business holds for the purpose of resale. The advantage of using this stock turnover ratio will help the investors to make a decision on rather to invest in this business or no because it will show the health of the company. The other type of ratio I am going to talk about is the current ratio which provides the business amount of assets compared to its liabilities which shows the business ability to pay its debts. With the help of this ratio the investors get the idea of will they get their money back if they will invest in that business. On the other side ratio fails to address the potential of the company as they only offer inside to the business present situation as it won’t give the future prediction of the business. For example, if the company is about to merge and acquire large amount of capital the ratio will not reveal these new changes therefore ratios cannot be the only measurements investors use to assess companies value, because this numbers do not reveal other key information such as industry changes and economy forces. Another disadvantage I am going to talk about of using ratio is that some ratio might indicate the company is performing well while other indicates financial issues therefore investors need to assess multiple ratios to get the picture of the business stability which can help them to come to a conclusion rather to invest or not within that business. Ratios are beneficial to some parties however not to the other, such as a bank might not consider giving a help or interest to the companies’ book to market ratio however, the financial investors will evaluate its level of depth ratio to see if the company is worth of a loan.

Evaluation Synthesis on the Peace Corps Agency

Evaluation Synthesis on the Peace Corps Agency There are a number of different programs funded by the government of the USA. The purposes of such programs and agencies may be absolutely different, like various science foundations, nature and environment protection agencies, transportation and agricultural agencies, pieces foundations, etc.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Evaluation Synthesis on the Peace Corps Agency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Federal funds are distributing to all those foundations depending on the main idea of the agencies and the contribution they make to the society. The US Peace Corp agency has been created with the intention to promote peace in the world and help people support friendly relations. The main purpose of this evaluation synthesis is to consider the main idea of the US Peace Corps Agency, its needs and program, check the program assessment and its rating by administration, analyze the achievements the agency managed to reach via the evaluation of the prior periods of the agency functioning, and analyze the subsequent budget proposals the Peace Corps agency managed to get. The needs for Peace Corps programs The main idea of the Peace Corps is highlighted in the mission of the agency. Thus, being an agency founded in 1961 by John F. Kennedy, the ex-President of the USA, the Peace Corps tries to promote the following mission. It is aimed at helping countries to train people in the fields they really need, at helping people better understand Americans on the parts where they serve, and vice versa, at helping Americas better understand other nationalities on the part of Americans (Peace Corps). One of the main ideas of this organization is to provide a volunteer help for people in the developing countries. Thousands of volunteers work all over the word in different spheres of human needs, like health promotion, HIV/AIDS help, environmental protection, information technology implementation, development of agriculture and business. The Peace Corps has created projects which could help people in different countries collaborate by means of volunteers who learn the language and the traditions of the country they go to (PEACE CORPS 499).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The opportunities the Peace Corps offers for students are rather exciting. Different loans during deferment periods may be interesting for those who want to continue studying and help the organization on the volunteer terms. There are numerous programs which offer students to incorporate their service hourly (Service Based Scholarships 12; Dunaj-Kullman). The Peace Corps functions worldwide and it is obvious that the organization needs a lot of additional volunteers to deliver a peaceful message to people. The volunteers of the Peace Corps try to notice the needs of the people they live with and p rovide those with the necessary facilities. Thus, Elizabeth Spencer while servicing in La Lomota noticed that people there wanted their children spend more time on learning and socializing. Searching for the appropriate decisions, Elizabeth Spencer decided to build a library in the area (Sood par. 2). This is the main idea of the Peace Corps, not only live in another country and to collaborate with people, but help those by means of specific actions. The Peace Corps’ program theory The mission of the Peace Corps mentioned above is considered to be the basis for the company vision. Still, one should remember that the mission of the company provided above was established fifty years ago. The world is changing and the goals of the agency are changing as well. Thus, the Peace Corps should pay more attention to the development of the innovative technologies and their use in the work they do. It is not just enough to come to the country and to work with people without being trained . There are a lot of different universities which deal with teaching volunteers to be the leaders. Moreover, working in many countries in the world, the Peace Corps send their volunteers only to the places where they will be able to provide real help and will cope with the assignment, for sure. The Peace Corps is not the only organization which functions in this direction. So, the competition is high.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Evaluation Synthesis on the Peace Corps Agency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To be able to achieve the set goals, the Peace Corps should make sure that the federal funding is enough for them. To make sure, the agency should recruit the best volunteers which perform their task in the world on the highest quality (The Peace Corps: A Comprehensive Agency Assessment 2). To increase the federal funding, the Peace Corps has to review the program it has. Here are the assignments the age ncy has put before it: Improve the strategies for recruitment and the process of selection of the best highly skilled volunteers. Provide training medical care courses for the volunteers and the staff of the agency. Adjust volunteer placement with the purpose to meet the US interests and the needs of another country. Work successfully with other international assistance organizations. Lower termination rates. Increase monitoring other volunteers’ work by means of management strengthening. Improve the quality of independent evaluation. Ensure that the actions provided by the Peace Corps effectively use the resources of the government (The Peace Corps: A Comprehensive Agency Assessment 3). Thus, it may be concluded that Peace Corps agency tries to meet its mission by means of providing numerous goals. Increasing its influence, the agency should care of the number of volunteers which should be enough for coping with the tasks put before the Peace Corps. What PART rating did Pe ace Corps receive from the administration? Such big organizations like the Peace Corps which function by means of federal funding are usually thoroughly evaluated and assessed. This is one of the ways to monitor whether the organization managed to direct the resources properly or not. There have been created a Program Assessment Rating Too which was aimed at evaluating the federal programs and assessing those. The motto of the tool is â€Å"expect federal programs to perform well, and better every year† (Program Assessment). Having considered the mission and vision of the organization, the administration gave an effective PART rating for the agency for its performance. Considering the Peace Corps assessment details, it is necessary to cast light on the following. Supporting international volunteerism, the Peace Corp operates all over the whole world sending its volunteers to support people in different developing countries in various fields, like education, health care, agric ulture etc. The volunteers of the agency are perfectly trained in the specific spheres. The assessment administration also paid attention to the level of cooperation between Americans and people all over the world (Program Assessment).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dwelling upon the rating, it should be explained that stating that the performance of the agency is effective, the PART administration gives the highest rating to the Peace Corps any program can achieve. This rating highlights that the agency has put ambitious goals and managed to achieve the effective results. The program is well managed and the efficiency is improving. Still, it is important to consider some specific reasons why such a high rating was given for the agency. The administration provides some specific examples which support their decision. How was the PART rating justified by the administration? The administration points to three main reasons for such high PART rating. Firstly, the Peace Corps agency wanted to increase the number of volunteers up to 7,920 volunteers by September 2007. It should be noticed that the number of volunteers increased in the agency up to 8,079 till the end of 2007. This number points out to the fact that the services offered by the Peace Cor ps are extremely necessary. Secondly, the agency has exceeded its purposes of skill transfer. Moreover, the cross-cultural understanding has improved as well. The volunteers, having returned from different countries, reported that they had managed to collaborate with other nationalities and transfer the knowledge they had in different fields to them. Thirdly, the development of the Coverdell World Wise School website was a significant step ahead as the agency received an access to the classrooms. The predicted number of visits was about 1.3 million while the real web visits managed to reach 2.1 million in 2007 (Program Assessment). The federal administration has positively assessed the work of the organization, still, it is impossible to bring to perfection everything as the world development and the emergence of different innovative technological facilities creates new and new goals which should be achieved. Is the rating consistent with prior evaluations of the program found in ot her sources? Having considered other evaluations of the program, it may be concluded that the PART rating is consistent. After the thorough analysis of the Office of Inspector General’s Semiannual Report to Congress, it may be concluded that the understanding between Americans and other people has improved. There are a number of violent cases occurred several years before the PART rating. The appearance of those cases and their absence now may be a good example of the change in understanding between each other (Americas and other peoples). Thus, according to the report 206 total violent cases have been there, among which 16 attempted assault cases, 1 attempted burglary, 2 cases of attempted rape, 48 cases of burglary with volunteer present, 3 incidents of death, intimidation (36), 3 kidnappings, 12 major and other physical assaults, 5 major sexual assaults, 12 protect acts, 14 rapes and 65 robbery incidents (Semiannual Report to Congress 23). Moreover, the Office of Inspector General’s dwells upon the results of their work which had been done by 2008-2009 fiscal year. The training courses were estimated as the results had been seen. The leadership qualities of the staff had been noticed as well as they helped organize the work on the post. The positive results had been achieved in the health case sphere, and in President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in particular. Thanks to this plan HIV/AIDS activities had been implemented better. Moreover, the report represents the results of the independent audit which stated that the financial information represented in the Peace Corps reports was fair. The resources were used properly with generally accepted accounting principles (Semiannual Report to Congress 10). Analysis of the budget proposals for the program Analyzing the fiscal year 2009 report and considering the information known about fiscal year 2010, it may be concluded that 2010 is considered to be the year when the Peace Corps agency has received the highest financial support ever. The Gross Costs of the program was $ 327,233 in 2009. Considering the main sources of the financing, it may be concluded that the program is financed by general funds, special or trust funds, deposit funds, and general fund receipt accounts. According to the performance and accountability report, cashier imprest funds were $1.6 million. On the 30th of September 2009 the agency owned the checks on the sum of about $8.4 million (The Peace Corps Performance and Accountability Report Fiscal Year 2009 68). Having no real personal quality, the agency’s financial report is rather positive. Still, the amount of money given to the Peace Corps in 2009 cannot be compared with those in 2010. The funding of the program has increased by $33 million in 2010 in comparison with 2009 (The Peace Corps Performance and Accountability Report Fiscal Year 2009 65). In conclusion, the Peace Corps agency is a federal funded foundation which is aimed at providing the peace all over the world. The main mission of the organization is provided by its goals, to train people all over the world with the skills they need, to increase the collaboration between Americans and other nationalities both on the territory of the USA and beyond its borders. The agency has been highly assessed by the government. It is also proved by the amount of financial resources the government gave for the Peace Corps functioning. Even though the results of the work conducted by the Peace Corps agency was positive assessed by federal administration, and the efficient results of its work were noticed, there is always the goals one should try to achieve. Thus, the federal administration offered a kind of improvement plan. The administration offered the Peace Corps to identify and to set new strategic objectives which could be aimed at aligning the agency’s mission statement. These objectives with outcome-oriented targets could measure the level of how the Peace Corps meets the stated mission. The federal administration also offered for the Peace Corps to conduct a research and to create a number of baselines which would measure results of the volunteers work in the countries where the Peace Corps operates. This data would also help understand the level of the promotion of Americans on the countries they served in (Program Assessment). Besides of the assessment program offered by the federal government, the Peace Corps agency has created a strategic plan (2009-2014) and performance plan (2009-2011). In accordance with this plan, the following recommendations should be stated. Firstly, the agency should increase the number of the similar organizations which can be helpful for the Peace Corps in skill needs. Secondly, the understanding of Americans in different parts of the world should be better promoted by volunteers. Thirdly, to promote more outreach directed at Americans and their attitude to other people on the territory of the USA . Fourthly, the volunteers in the host countries should better understand the technological needs of people there and meet those needs. Finally, to meet the Peace Corps’ mission by means of implementing better health service, effective management of resources and security support in the host countries (The Peace Corps Strategic Plan 5). Dunaj-Kullman, Diana. â€Å"Peace Corps offers ASU students global opportunity.† Arizona State University News 21 Sept. 2007. Web. Peace Corps. 2008. Web. Program Assessment. â€Å"Peace Corps: International Volunteerism†. ExpectMore.gov. 2010. Web. PEACE CORPS. United States Government Manual (2007): 499. â€Å"Semiannual Report to Congress October 1, 2010 – March 31, 2009.† Peace Corps Office of Inspector General. 2009. Web. â€Å"Service Based Scholarships: Military, Peace Corps, Teach For America, Americorps, and City Year.† Sitemason.vanderbilt.edu. Web. Sood, Kiran. Peace Corps volunteer in need of hel p. McClatchy Tribune Business News 29 July 2010 ABI/INFORM Complete, ProQuest. Web. â€Å"The Peace Corps Performance and Accountability Report Fiscal Year 2009.† Report. 2009. Web. â€Å"The Peace Corps Strategic Plan Fiscal Years 2009 – 2014 and Performance Plan Fiscal Years 2009 – 2011.† The Peace Corps. 2009. Web. â€Å"The Peace Corps: A Comprehensive Agency Assessment.† Final Report. June 2010. Web.

Dragons Essays - Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Diagnosis, Sleep

Dragons Essays - Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Diagnosis, Sleep Dragons How many times during the night do we toss and turn, check the clock, and find it ticking away and tell ourselves, If I could fall asleep right now I would get at least five hours of sleep? But, sleep doesn't come so we continue to toss and turn. This happens to many people and may suffer from a disorder known as insomnia. People who suffer from this disorder have many complaints, and many have similar symptoms. Symptoms can vary from stress to pain to always feeling tired. Insomnia is a very difficult disease to have to live with. It is hard for both those that suffer from it and their family members. According to Linde and Savaley's, The Sleep Book, (1974), the person who has trouble sleeping is not alone (p. 9). They also claim, An estimated thirty million people suffer from chronic insomnia (p.9). Many non-insomniacs have occasional periods when they wonder if they'd make it through a sleepless night. Many insomniacs can't fall asleep because of pain and discomfort. Those that can fall asleep but can't stay asleep might be caused from depression, or too many things to worry about. In Ernest Hartmann's The Sleeping Pill (1978) some causes of insomnia (p. 113). He states that pain and discomfort do indeed play an important part in the difficulty remaining asleep. For those having difficulty remaining asleep might be because of depression or having too much to worry about. In Linde and Savary's, The Sleep Book (1974), Dr. Dale C. Friend claims, insomnia can be classified by four causes: tension, fatigue, discomfort, and in and out insomnia (p. 100). Tension insomnia occurs mostly in executives or people who worry about their businesses. Tension builds up inside during the day and is still inside at bedtime, it won't come out, so they tend to worry and are not able to go tot sleep. Fatigue insomnia happens when people who get tired during the day and then they take a nap in the early afternoon and as a result they cannot go to sleep at bedtime. People suffering from discomfort insomnia often complain of stomach upsets, such as ulcers, toothaches, or arthritis. This causes them to wake up during the night, which gives them discomfort. In and out insomnia occurs when patients feel that they didn't sleep at all during the night when they really did, but only stayed in the first stages of light sleep and woke up frequently throughout the night. Dr. Allan Rechtschaffen states in Linde and Savary's The Sleep Book, (1974) Insomniacs spend less time in REM sleep than normal sleepers (p. 110). REM sleep, or rapid eye movement sleep is the final stage of sleep reached in a normal sleep cycle. To better understand this cycle of sleep scientists have used an electroencephalogram to measure brain waves during sleep. A normal sleep cycle consists of five distinct stages with paradoxical, or REM stage being the final stage. REM sleep is what is commonly known as deep sleep. There are many other causes of Insomnia such as the many environmental causes said by Ernest Hartmann's The Sleeping Pill (1978). Hartmann states, any loud noise or sounds that can irritate or aggravate can disrupt a persons sleep (p. 116). When trying to sleep, the littlest things can bother someone's sleep whether hearing the bathroom water faucet dripping or even the heater coming on during the night. All these things can keep a person up all night when they are suffering from insomnia. He also claims, there is a condition sometimes called 'habit insomnia' (p. 116). Habit insomnia is when something caused the insomnia in the past so when the sufferer associates it into habit. For example, when the see the bed that they have difficulty sleeping on, they condition themselves to think that they can't sleep because of the bed, therefore they don't sleep. In Mendelson's Human Sleep and It's Disorders, (1977) Incidence of insomnia was found by doing a sampling of 1,645 persons and it was found that 14% of those tested had trouble getting to sleep, (Karacan, et. al., 1973). The results tended to be higher for women than men and as age increased. Tiller, studied 83 healthy